Failed multimeters are often discovered to have been subjected to higher voltage than the technician thought they were measuring. As distribution systems and loads become more complex, the possibilities of transient overvoltages increase. Motors, capacitors and power conversion equipment such as variable speed drives can be prime generators of spikes. Lightning strikes on outdoor transmission […]
Not implementing lightning and surge protective measures at PV installations is a recipe for disaster in countries such as South Africa. South Africa is seeing the rise of small-scale embedded generation (SSEG) as end-users and businesses alike work towards reducing their reliance on the national grid. Small-scale embedded generation refers to power generation under 1 MVA, […]
The increasing complexity of electrical installations places extra responsibility on electrical test personnel charged with conforming to stringent international standards. It is imperative to use suitable test tools for performing the stringent tests imposed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). IEC 60364 and its national equivalent standards specify the requirements for fixed electrical installations in […]
A closer look at the opportunities, challenges and real-world examples of integrating the IoT into machine condition monitoring. The ultra-internet of things (IoT) has created a surge of new interest in machine condition monitoring solutions. The confluence of better and cheaper sensors, broader connectivity, more sophisticated analytics, less expensive storage and multi-cloud technology has opened […]
This article provides electrical safety tips and strategies that can help to prevent arc flash incidents at industrial plants. Arc flashes cause massive electrical explosions, emitting large amounts of heat and light. They release hot gases and concentrated radiant energy that can melt metal, damage property, cause severe burns and result in fatalities or death. […]
A general discussion on how various loads and electrical factors affect the sizing of generator sets. While most genset sizing is done with sizing programs, it is important to understand the factors that affect the operation of your generator set. The first step in sizing and selecting a generator set is to establish project parameters. […]
Thermography is a method for checking the actual condition of buildings and for determining the potential for energy savings. Climate change and the growing demand for energy represent one of the greatest global challenges. Because a relevant proportion of emissions involve the building sector, special efforts are needed in this area to achieve internationally agreed […]
The double conversion uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is the most common version of online UPSs in use today, but it has a number of drawbacks. The line-interactive UPS system with active series-parallel power-line conditioning capabilities offers a solution to a number of these problems. The double conversion UPS (DCUPS) is the most common form of […]
Energy storage systems play a crucial role in off-grid applications globally. Although various energy storage systems exist, this article considers different battery technologies for their suitability for off-grid and electric vehicle applications. Off-grid electricity can be defined as a stand-alone power system or mini-grid to typically provide a small community with electricity without the support […]
This, part 2 of a two-part article on the selection and sizing of conductors for equipment that must remain functional under fire conditions, explores the protection of fire safety circuits; voltage stability; motor starting currents and the installation of fire safety cables. The protection of fire safety circuits is similar to that for other circuits […]
